| Gartner's 新興技術(shù)成熟周期
從效能計(jì)算理念談起
蓬勃發(fā)展的云計(jì)算
計(jì)算是一種模型
云計(jì)算：多種云模型
（1）云計(jì)算的概念 （2）云計(jì)算的優(yōu)勢(shì) （3）云計(jì)算產(chǎn)生的原動(dòng)力 （4）云計(jì)算帶來的變革 云計(jì)算的概念--定義 云計(jì)算 （Cloud Computing）是基于互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的相關(guān)服務(wù)的增加、使用和交付模式，通常涉及通過互聯(lián)網(wǎng)來提供動(dòng)態(tài)易擴(kuò)展且經(jīng)常是虛擬化的資源。云是網(wǎng)絡(luò)、互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的一種比喻說法。過去在圖中往往用云來表示電信網(wǎng)，后來也用來表示互聯(lián)網(wǎng)和底層基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施的抽象。因此，云計(jì)算甚至可以讓你體驗(yàn)每秒10萬億次的運(yùn)算能力，擁有這么強(qiáng)大的計(jì)算能力可以模擬核爆炸、預(yù)測(cè)氣候變化和市場(chǎng)發(fā)展趨勢(shì)。用戶通過電腦、筆記本、手機(jī)等方式接入數(shù)據(jù)中心，按自己的需求進(jìn)行運(yùn)算。 注意這幾個(gè)詞：Compter，Compute，Computing，Computational 云計(jì)算的概念--特征 1.云計(jì)算為用戶提供了最可靠、安全的數(shù)據(jù)存儲(chǔ)中心，因此用戶不必?fù)?dān)心數(shù)據(jù)丟失以及病毒入侵等等麻煩。 2.云計(jì)算對(duì)用戶端的設(shè)備要求最低，使用起來也最方便。 3.云計(jì)算可以輕松實(shí)現(xiàn)不同設(shè)備間的數(shù)據(jù)與應(yīng)用共享。 4.云計(jì)算為我們使用網(wǎng)絡(luò)提供了幾乎無限多的可能 云計(jì)算的概念--分類（服務(wù)類型）
云計(jì)算的概念--分類（服務(wù)方式） 共有云：為外部提供服務(wù)，外部的企業(yè)。不受企業(yè)管理。 私有云：企業(yè)內(nèi)部、關(guān)注有效的利用企業(yè)內(nèi)部的資源 混合云：企業(yè)不僅用到共有云，而且使用私有云，這種方式更注重的是共有云與私有云的連接，溝通。
云計(jì)算的概念--相關(guān)概念辨析?
云計(jì)算的優(yōu)勢(shì)
云計(jì)算產(chǎn)生的原動(dòng)力
資源虛擬化 虛擬化技術(shù)可以將物理資源等底層架構(gòu)進(jìn)行抽象，使得設(shè)備的差異和兼容性對(duì)上層應(yīng)用透明，從而允許云對(duì)底層千差萬別的資源進(jìn)行統(tǒng)一管理。 面向服務(wù)構(gòu)架
軟件即服務(wù)
云計(jì)算帶來的變革
7類常見的云計(jì)算應(yīng)用場(chǎng)景 事實(shí)證明，云計(jì)算可以降低成本、提高靈活性和彈性，以及優(yōu)化資源利用，從而提高競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力。下文介紹了云計(jì)算用于提高實(shí)現(xiàn)業(yè)務(wù)目標(biāo)的能力的幾種情況。 基礎(chǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)即服務(wù)(IaaS)和平臺(tái)即服務(wù)(PaaS) 就IaaS而言，如果公司想要節(jié)省購買、管理和維護(hù)IT基礎(chǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)方面的投資成本，那么根據(jù)按次計(jì)費(fèi)方案使用現(xiàn)有的基礎(chǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)似乎是顯而易見的選擇。出于同樣的原因，也有一些組織會(huì)選擇使用PaaS，同時(shí)還會(huì)設(shè)法在隨時(shí)可用的平臺(tái)上提高開發(fā)速度，從而部署應(yīng)用程序。 私有云和混合云 在鼓勵(lì)使用云的眾多措施中，有這樣兩種情況，即組織想要通過使用云(特別是公共云)尋找對(duì)準(zhǔn)備部署到其環(huán)境中的某些應(yīng)用程序進(jìn)行評(píng)估的方法。在測(cè)試和開發(fā)可能受時(shí)間限制的情況下，采用混合云方法允許測(cè)試應(yīng)用程序工作負(fù)載，因此可在無需初期投資的條件下提供舒適的環(huán)境，這樣就不會(huì)在工作負(fù)載測(cè)試失敗時(shí)顯得無用。
混合云的另一種用途也是在有限的使用高峰期間的擴(kuò)展能力，通常非常適合托管可能很少使用的大型基礎(chǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)。在即用即付的前提下，組織可能會(huì)在需要時(shí)尋求掌握環(huán)境的其他能力和可用性。 測(cè)試和開發(fā) 云的最佳使用場(chǎng)景可能是測(cè)試和開發(fā)環(huán)境。這需要保證預(yù)算，設(shè)置環(huán)境中的實(shí)物資產(chǎn)、重要的人力和時(shí)間。然后，還要進(jìn)行平臺(tái)的安裝和配置。所有這些工作通常會(huì)延長項(xiàng)目的完成時(shí)間，延長里程碑。 借助于云計(jì)算，您現(xiàn)在可以方便地選擇根據(jù)您的需求量身設(shè)置的即時(shí)可用環(huán)境。這通常會(huì)結(jié)合(但不限于)自動(dòng)配置物理資源和虛擬資源。 大數(shù)據(jù)和分析 云計(jì)算可以實(shí)現(xiàn)的優(yōu)勢(shì)之一，就是可以使用大量結(jié)構(gòu)化和非結(jié)構(gòu)化數(shù)據(jù)，利用獲取業(yè)務(wù)價(jià)值的優(yōu)勢(shì)。 零售商和供應(yīng)商現(xiàn)在可以提取來自消費(fèi)者購買模式的信息，進(jìn)而將他們的廣告和市場(chǎng)竟銷活動(dòng)定位到特定的群體。社交網(wǎng)絡(luò)平臺(tái)現(xiàn)在能夠?yàn)榕c組織用來獲取有用信息的行為模式有關(guān)的分析提供基礎(chǔ)。 文件存儲(chǔ) 使用云，您可以存儲(chǔ)文件，并且通過任意支持Web的接口訪問、存儲(chǔ)和檢索文件。WebService接口通常比較簡(jiǎn)單。您可以隨時(shí)隨地獲得高可用性、高速、高可擴(kuò)展性和高安全性的環(huán)境。在這個(gè)場(chǎng)景中，組織只需要為他們實(shí)際使用的存儲(chǔ)量付費(fèi)，而且在此過程中，無需監(jiān)督存儲(chǔ)基礎(chǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)的日常維護(hù)。 此外，還可以將數(shù)據(jù)存儲(chǔ)在內(nèi)部部署或外部部署上，具體取決于法規(guī)合規(guī)性要求。根據(jù)客戶規(guī)范要求，可以將數(shù)據(jù)存儲(chǔ)在由第三方托管的虛擬存儲(chǔ)池中。 災(zāi)難恢復(fù) 這是根據(jù)災(zāi)難恢復(fù)(DR)解決方案的成本效益使用云產(chǎn)生的另一個(gè)好處：以更低的成本更快地從眾多不同的物理位置中恢復(fù)，相比之下，傳統(tǒng)的DR站點(diǎn)擁有固定資產(chǎn)、嚴(yán)格的程序，并且成本較高。 備份 備份數(shù)據(jù)一直是一項(xiàng)復(fù)雜且耗時(shí)的操作。這包括維護(hù)一系列磁帶或驅(qū)動(dòng)器，手動(dòng)收集這些磁帶或驅(qū)動(dòng)器并將它們分派到備份設(shè)備中，而且原始站點(diǎn)和備份站點(diǎn)之間可能會(huì)發(fā)生所有固有問題。這種確保備份執(zhí)行的方法無法避免用盡備份介質(zhì)等問題，而且加載備份設(shè)備執(zhí)行恢復(fù)操作也需要時(shí)間，還容易出現(xiàn)設(shè)備故障和人為錯(cuò)誤。 基于云的備份雖然不是靈丹妙藥，但肯定比以往的備份方式要好得多。現(xiàn)在，您可以自動(dòng)將數(shù)據(jù)分派到網(wǎng)絡(luò)上的任何位置，同時(shí)可以確保不會(huì)存在安全性、可用性或容量問題。 雖然上述云計(jì)算的用法介紹得不是特別詳盡，但通過與傳統(tǒng)替代方法的比較，確實(shí)會(huì)激勵(lì)我們使用云，它能夠提高IT基礎(chǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)的靈活性，同時(shí)能利用大數(shù)據(jù)分析和移動(dòng)計(jì)算。 英文擴(kuò)展 Cloud computing is all the hype right now but what does it really mean do you have to be sitting on a mountain with a computer among the clouds or on a plane with a laptop does it work when it's sunny can you actually type on a cloud computing keyboard cloud computing is pretty big and it's growing bigger every day there are basically three layers to cloud computing companies use them differently based on what they offer at the bottom is the foundation the infrastructure this is where things start and where people begin to build this is the layer where cloud hosting lives So let' s talk about hosting in the cloud which is an older concept that due to technology advances is finally starting to work really well let's say you are a company and you have a website and the website has a lot of short conversations that are exchanged between members you start with a few users talking to each other and they start telling their friends about your site and they tell their friends and the friends tell their friends and so on you are successful but with success can come problems your equipment just can't keep up with the demand your service slows down and suddenly you are in trouble a few years ago you would have put your website on a computer or server somewhere and when your success kicked in you had to run around and buy or rent new servers set them up or have someone set them up for you hundreds of thousands of companies do this now it costs a lot of money and it takes lots of time this is called hosting it takes time to set them up and they cost quite a bit of money to keep running all the time you pay for these servers when you are using them andyou pay for them when you are not using them you really just want to build your service and improve your product but instead of success your customers are getting angry and your successful business is shrinking away now you have a better option cloud computing with cloud computing you have access to computing power instantly when you need it put your website on a cloud server just like you would put it on a dedicated server and when people start visiting your site if you suddenly need more computing power dedicated to your website you can scale up as much as you need almost instantly you get your computing power as you need it from the cloud on-demand and your customers stay happy without noticing any difference and if your traffic dips backdown you can release your servers back into the cloud just as easily this is a major advantage so I'll say it again when you need more computing power you can get it instantly from the cloud and when you're done with it you release it back to the cloud billing is easy too it works the same way you pay for gas or electricity when you turn on a light the meter starts running and youare billed for the electrical power that you take from the power grid and when you're done with the light you turn itoff and the meter stops running or you can think of it like getting a taxi the meter runs when you ride it runs much slower when you stop and whenyou're done with your ride you get out andyou pay your fare why you buy the wholetaxi when you can just pay for the tripbut wait how do you actually work withthe cloud you can't physically touch your Hardware easy using your own personal computer you remotely accessyour cloud server and control it you canput whatever you need on it website orsoftware or code whatever and then just disconnect it when you are doneyou never actually touch it physically the key with cloud computing is notto focus on the hardware you just focus on your website or your softwareor code or whatever it is you're doingthink of it like you would any cloudservice do you really care where on what physical server your email is hostedisn't it vastly more important how the service works and that it's reliable and stable and easy to use here are threereasons why cloud hosting is becoming so popular one scalability it's easy to grow or shrink to match your demand if you need one - or ten servers with cloud hosting you can easily grow or shrink the number based on what you need right now - cloud hosting is instant the computing power is there when you need it you just turn it on whatever you need is instantly available in the cloud and when your need goes down you can simply turn them off three save money you only pay for what you use and not for having equipment sit around just in case you might need it with cloud hosting you can stop worrying about your hardware you can work on building your business instead using cloud hosting will save you time and money and it's there for you to use instantly so dump those old servers and head to the clouds this has been cloud computing by Timand Michael at go grid 【Task】每人寫下10個(gè)重要的名詞 【問答】 百度云是云計(jì)算的一種么？是的，是云計(jì)算公有云的其中的一種，屬于公有云存儲(chǔ)的一種。 【擴(kuò)展閱讀】
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